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Ingham  'University: 

A UNIVERSITY  FOR  WOMEN,  IN 

LE  RpY,  N.  Y. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

AND 

DESCRIPTION 

PREPARED  AT  THE  REQUEST  OF  THE 

i 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSIONER  OF  EDUCATION, 

FOR  THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION  AT 

PHILADELPHIA. 


HENRY  J.  VAN  LENNEP,  D.  D. 

OF  THE  COLLEGE  FACULTY. 


BUFFALO: 

HAAS,  NAUERT&  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  PRINTERS  AND  BINDERS. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


i 


https://archive.org/details/inghamuniversity1876vanl 


Ingham  ’ U niversity. 


At  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  Mrs.  Amasa 
Ingham,  a devout  Christian*woman,  residing  at  Say  brook, 
on  the  banks  of  the  lower  Connecticut,  gave  birth  to 
twin  daughters,  and  feeling  the  approach  of  death,  she 
committed  one  of  the  feeble  infants  to  her  daughter  Mari- 
ette,  then  but  twelve  years  of  age.  The  adoption  of  the 
unconscious  babe,  consecrated  to  the  Lord,  in  baptism,  by 
the  name  of  Emily,  was  hearty  and  complete,  and  though 
the  mother  was  spared  to  her  family  of  seven  boys  and 
seven  girls,  for  many  a year,  yet  the  unusual  tie  thus  cre- 
ated lasted  through  the  life  of  both.  It  was  indeed  the 
source  whence  sprang  an  institution  whose  benignant  in- 
fluence has  been  felt  throughout  the  land  for  the  last  forty 
years, — we  refer  to  Ingham  University.  The  elder  sister 
was  as  remarkable  for  business  tact  as  the  younger  for 
scholarly  accomplishments,  and  in  the  unwonted  combina- 
tion of  so  remarkable  qualities  lay  the  secret  of  that  occult 
power  which,  more,  perhaps,  than  any  other  one  cause, 
has  brought  about  a new  era  in  female  education. 

Miss  Mariette  Ingham  early  engaged  in  business,  and 
was  enabled,  by  her  pecuniary  profits,  to  bestow  upon  her 
sister-child  the  best  education  New  England  could  then 
afford,  besides  doing  much  for  the  rest  of  the  family. 
Meanwhile  her  special  charge  not  only  made  rapid  pro- 
ficiency in  her*  studies,  but  soon  gave  evidence  of  un- 
wonted Christiaif  devotion  and  zeal  which  led  her  to  form 


4 


the  purpose  of  undertaking  a mission  to  the  Greeks.  But 
the  sisters  were  not  to  be  separated.  A compromise  was 
found  in  the  suggestion  that  they  might  labor  together,  for 
the  future  of  this  great  country,  among  the  settlers  of  the 
West.  They  started  on  their  missionary  enterprise, 
traveling  by  the  Erie  Canal  as  far  as  Brockport,  and 
taking  thence  the  great  stage  road  leading  from  Albany 
to  Buffalo,  they  stopped  in  a town  of  Western  New  York, 
which  was  then  deemed  an  advanced  post,  far  within  the 
borders  of  the  West,  whence  they  could  best  reach  their 
entire  mission  field. 

FIRST  ORGANIZED  AT  ATTICA, 

They  selected  Attica,  in  Genesee  County,  in  lieu  of 
their  original  Attica,  in  Greece.  Their  capital  consisted 
of  $5,000, — the  earnings  of  the  elder  sister — and  in 
April,  1835,  unassisted  by  any  missionary  society  or  pri- 
vate individual,  but  relying  upon  their  own  brave  hearts 
and  an  Almighty  arm,  these  two  single  women  began  the 
erection  of  a brick  house,  which  they  entered  the  follow- 
ing September.  In  the  meanwhile  they  hired  a couple  of 
rooms  for  the  summer,  and  commenced  their  school  with 
a primary  department  alone.  A beginning  truly  humble 
and  unpretending.  There  was  no  sounding  of  trumpets; 
no  grand  gathering  for  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone ; no 
imposing  pageant,  nor  eloquent  speeches, — nevertheless 
a great  and  noble  work  then  sprang  into  existence. 

The  sisters  did  not,  however,  remain  in  their  chosen 
location  longer  than  two  years.  Citizens  of  the  neigh- 
boring village  of  Le  Roy,  sufficiently  far-sighted  to  under- 
stand the  influence  such  an  institution  wr>uld  exert  upon 


5 


the  prosperity  of  their  town,  succeeded  in  inducing  the 
ladies  to  remove  their  Seminary  thither. 

REMOVAL  TO  LE  ROY. 

They  accordingly  disposed  of  their  property  in  Attica, 
and  purchased  the  beautiful  residence,  then  known  as  Mr. 
Robert  Bayard’s,  a building  37  by  46  feet,  and  two  stories 
high,  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Oatka,  a winding 
stream,  which  passes  through  the  centre  of  Le  Roy,  and 
after  forming  several  picturesque  cascades,  flows  into  the 
Genesee  river.  The  village  lies  on  the  old  turnpike  road 
from  Albany  to  Buffalo,  and  through  its  Main  street,  at 
that  early  period,  daily  rolled  no  less  than  fourteen  stages, 
loaded  with  passengers  to  and  from  the  great  West. 

RAILROAD  CONNECTIONS. 

It  lies  about  ten  miles  east  of  Batavia,  and  thirty  south 
of  Rochester  ; it  is  connected  with  both  of  these  places 
by  railways,  and  directly  with  Albany  by  Canandaigua, 
and  with  New  York  by  the  Erie  railroad. 

FIRST  NAME LE  ROY  FEMALE  SEMINARY. 

The  new  Institution  now  took  the  name  of  “ Le  Roy 
Female  Seminary,”  and  the  demand  for  it  was  made  evi- 
dent by  the  fact  that  during  the  first  summer  term  there 
were4no  less  than  forty-one  pupils  in  the  Primary  Depart- 
ment, and  seventy-six  in  the  more  advanced  classes ; 
while  the  numbers  during  the  winter  term  were  seventeen 
and  sixty-six.  Still  the  Institution  was  as  yet  but  little 
known,  for  the  pupils  were  gathered  from  the  neighbor- 
hood as  far  as  Rochester  and  Buffalo  ; one  only  came  from 


6 


another  State,  and  that  was  Connecticut,  the  home  of  the 
teacher^. 

There  must  have  arisen  about  this  time,  in  Western 
New  York,  a very  general  interest  in  female  education, 
for  we  find  that  a similar  institution  was,  about  the  same 
period,  organized  at  Canandaigua,  which  after  many  years 
of  prosperity  and  usefulness,  perished  merely  for  want  of 
adequate  support.  Another  was  started  in  Geneva,  but  it 
met  with  a like  fate  twenty  years  ago.  The  Albion  Sem- 
inary, still  in  existence,  did  not  commence  until  ten  years 
later.  The  one  at  Auburn  went  into  operation  in  1850, 
and  the  Elmira  College  in  1853,  the  buildings  being  erected 
by  subscription.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  “ Ingham”  is  a 
pioneer  in  point  of  time,  as  truly  as  it  is  the  creature  of 
the  almost  unaided  energy  of  its  founders. 

Those  were  days  of  simplicity  and  economy.  Cali- 
fornia had  not  yet  poured  her  gold  into  the  nations  lap, 
nor  had  a deluge  of  greenbacks  flooded  the  land.  We 
smile  when  we  read  the  list  of  expenses  and  charges  in 
the  early  catalogues  of  the  Le  Roy  Seminary,  published  in 
1842  : — board  and  tuition,  $75  a year  in  advance!  In  our 
day,  many  of  the  young  ladies’  seminaries  charge  no  less 
than  $600  per  annum  ; and  our  best  endowed,  and  least 
expensive  colleges  for  young  men,  require  $300  as  a mini- 
mum! “ Washing  two  shillings  a week”  or,  (note  the  ad- 
dition) “ the  young  ladies  may  do  their  own  washing ! ” 
The  rest  is  no  less  curious,  and  we  give  it  entire  : 

TERMS  IN  1842. 

Tuition,  from  $5.00  to  $8.00  per  term  of  15 
weeks,  according  to  the  department. 


# 


7 


EXTRA  STUDIES. 


Music — piano  or  organ, — per  term, 

$1  1. 00 

French,  ...... 

3.00 

Latin,  . . 

3.00 

Drawing,  ..... 

5.00 

Painting,  ..... 

7.00 

Painting  in  oils,  .... 

9.00 

It  is,  however,  but  fair  to  remark  that  this  Institution 
has  ever  been  chacterized  by  its  low  prices.  The  cost  of 
board  and  tuition  was  but  $150  to  $200  through  the  war, 
and  is  now  only  $230. 

We  cannot  analyze,  from  the  very  outset,  the  elements 
which  composed  an  education,  offered  at  so  low  a price, 
for  no  records  have  been  kept  of  the  years  1835  to  1841. 
But  the  catalogue,  to  which  we  have  already  referred, 
gives  the  name  of  every  book  studied  in  1842,  and  we 
find  that,  besides  the  Preparatory  Department,  there  was  a 
Junior,  a Middle,  and  a Senior  Class,  and  that  their  studies 
were  truly  and  thoroughly  collegiate,  for  in  the  list  appear 
Euclid’s  Geometry,  Day’s  Algebra,  Natural  History,  As- 
tronomy, and  even  Geology,  together  with  the  old  familiar 
names  of  our  own  early  college  days — Olmsted,  Upham, 
Karnes,  Hodge,  Wayland,  and  Butler.  Surely,  such  a 
course  must  have  been  greatly  in  advance  of  any  pre- 
viously pursued  in  this  part  of  the  country ; and  consider- 
ing that  many  of  the  graduates— and  even  of  those  who 
never  completed  their  studies — became  teachers,  it  is  easy 
to  conceive  that  the  influence  of  the  Institution  upon  fe- 
male education,  must  have  been  highly  important. 


RELIGIOUS  CHARACTER. 

But  we  should  not  be  doing  justice  to  the  founders  of 
Ingham  University,  were  we  to  confine  ourselves  to  the 
influence  they  have  exerted  upon  the  intellectual  condi- 
tion of  their  sex.  They  assumed,  from  the  very  first,  a 
high  moral  and  religious  position  ; free,  alike  from  fashion- 
able worldliness,  and  narrow  bigotry,  and  exclusiveness, 
thus  securing  the  good  will  of  sober-minded,  and  intelli- 
gent people  of  every  evangelical  denomination.  Their 
language  upon  this  subject,  at  that  early  day,  deserves 
to  be  adopted  by  every  teacher  of  the  young  : “ Our  aim, 
in  the  system  of  instruction  of  this  Institution  is,  to  make 
thorough  scholars,  independent  thinkers  and  reasoners, 
and  useful  members  of  society.  Our  rules  are  few  and 
simple.  Each  pupil  reports  her  own  conduct  during  the 
day,  and  is  thus  taught  that  confidence  is  reposed  in  her 
veracity,  and  that  strict  integrity  is  her  only  safeguard 
for  character.  The  Bible  is  not  only  read,  but  so  studied 
that,  if  possible,  its  elevating,  awakening  and  redeeming 
influences  may  be  diffused  through  every  vein  and  artery 
of  instruction.  The  school  is  divided  into  sections,  each 
of  which  is  placed  under  the  care  of  a teacher,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  be  acquainted  with  the  health,  habits,  intel- 
lectual improvement,  moral  and  religious  state  of  every 
young  lady  in  her  section  ; to  be  the  friend  and  adviser 
of  each,  and  to  cherish  and  manifest  the  affection  of  a 
sister,  avoiding  every  unnecessary  exposure  of  their  faults, 
and  foibles.”  And  again,  “ no  teacher  will  be  employed 
who  will  not,  conscientiously,  make  continued  and  per- 
severing efforts  for  the  highest  moral  and  spiritual  good  of 
the  pupils.”  Adopting  such  principles,  and  animated  by 


9 


such  a spirit,  it  is  not  strange  that  the  Institution  soon  ac- 
quired a high  reputation  throughout  the  State.  The 
pupils  felt  the  influence,  and  many  of  them  experienced 
a change  in  their  religious  views  and  feelings,  which  clung 
to  them  through  life.  The  majority  of  the  young  ladies, 
(indeed,  during  one  term,  all  but  one),  have  usually  been, 
or  have  become  members  of  some  Evangelical  Church. 
Ministers  of  the  Gospel  early  began  to  send  their  daugh- 
ters to  the  school,  and  no  charge  has  usually  been  made 
to  such  for  ordinary  tuition.  Pupils  destitute  of  means, 
have  been  dealt  with  in  the  same  manner,  and  many 
were  not  even  charged  for  their  board  ; they  have  merely 
promised  to  pay  it  whenever  able,  and  the  debt,  thus  in- 
curred, has,  in  cases  not  a few,  remained  uncanceled  to 
this  day. 

AID  TO  INDIGENT  PUPILS. 

It  is  calculated  that  the  Institution  has,  in  these  two  ways, 
given  more  than  $30,000  to  indigent,  but  well  deserving 
students,  during  the  forty  years  of  its  existence ; and 
many  of  these  beneficiaries  are  now  occupying  positions 
of  great  honor  and  usefulness. 

But  the  field  of  such  an  institution  could  not  long  be 
restricted  to  its  own  immediate  neighborhood,  or  even  to 
the  entire  State.  In  1842,  there  were,  as  yet,  but  six  pu- 
pils from  beyond  its  bounds,  and  four  of  these  were  from 
the  West.  As  the  school  became  better  known  and  ap- 
preciated, parents  sent  their  daughters  from  nearly  all 
parts  of  the  country.  The  schedule  on  page  illustrates 
this  point,  by  indicating  the  State  to  which  the  pupils  have 
belonged,  from  1842,  until  last  year  (1875.) 

2 


IO 


STUDENTS  FROM  OTHER  STATES  AND  COUNTRIES. 

It  will  be  seen  that,  during  that  period,  twenty-nine  dif- 
ferent states  or  territories  of  the  Union  have  been  repre- 
sented in  the  Institution,  besides  Canada,  the  Bermudas, 
France  and  Greece  ; and  the  proportion  of  pupils  from 
without  the  State,  to  those  belonging  to  it,  has,  sometimes, 
been  as  high  as  three  to  four. 

The  premises  of  the  Institution  soon  proved  too  narrow 
for  its  purposes.  Additions  were  made  from  time  to  time 
to  the  original  structure,  not  so  much,  perhaps,  upon  the 
principle  of  external  harmony  or  beauty,  as  with  the  idea 
of  compactness,  convenience  and  economy. 

BUILDINGS,  AND  WHEN  ERECTED. 

The  original  building,  occupied  by  the  School  in  1837, 
contained  but  eight  rooms,  in  two  stories,  with  an  upper 
and  lower  hall.  During  that  summer  a third  story  was 
added,  with  ten  bed  rooms  for  the  pupils.  The  west 
wing  was  erected  three  years  later  ; it  covers  a space  5 7 
feet  by  40,  with  two  stories.  The  dining  room  was  in  the 
basement  of  this  wing.  This  was  the  condition  of  the 
building  at  the  time  of  the  publication  of  the  first  picture 
of  the  Institution  as  Le  Roy  Female  Seminary,  in  the 
catalogue  for  1845-6. 

In  1849,  a wing  was  built  on  the  east,  corresponding  to 
that  on  the  west,  with  the  exception  of  the  pillars,  which 
were  omitted.  More  ample  accommodations  were  thus  fur- 
nished for  both  teachers  and  pupils.  A picture  of  this 
state  of  the  building  appears  in  the  catalogue  for  1851-2. 
Adjoining  the  premises,  on  the  east,  formerly  stood  the 
house  of  Col.  M.  Bixby,  occupied  for  some  years  by  the 


Rev.  Mr.  Crawford,  pastor  of  the  Le  Roy  Presbyterian 
Church.  This  was  purchased  in  1851  ; and  upon  its  site 
was  erected,  what  has,  since,  been  called  University  Hall, 
which  originally  .stood  at  a distance  of  twenty  feet  from 
the  rest  of  the  premises.  ^ It  contains,  below,  a general 
school-room,  called  Senior  Hall ; a room  for  the  Academic 
Department,  called  Academic  Hall ; and  five  class  rooms; 
and,  up  stairs,  an  additional  recitation  room,  besides  Uni- 
versity Hall,  properly  speaking,  which  consists  of  a room 
57  feet  by  46,  used  for  public  lectures,  occasional  divine 
worship  on  Sunday,  and  the  Commencement  Exercises. 
It  is  encircled  by  three  rows  of  permanent  seats,  and 
a platform,  leaving  a space  in  the  middle  28  feet  by  40 
for  daily  practice  in  calisthenics. 

In  1852  the  Female  Seminary  had  been  chartered  as  a 
Collegiate  Institute,  and,  in  1855,  the  east  wing  was  con- 
tinued so  as  to  form  one  block  with  University  Hall,  thus 
adding  to  the  premises  a fine  dining  hall,  72  feet  by  26, 
a library  called  Altonia  Hall,  and  a laboratory. 

The  upper  story  became  one  continuous  hall  from  east 
to  west,  200  feet  in  length,  with  bedrooms  on  either  side, 
and  four  staircases  leading  below,  where  there  are  nine 
doors  opening  without,  besides  numerous  low  windows 
which  are  available  in  case  of  fire.  There  is,  moreover,  a 
third  story  situated  over  the  central  building,  and  the  east 
wing,  which  contains  bedrooms,  practice  rooms  for  the 
piano,  and  a chapel  for  evening  worship  and  prayer-meet- 
ings. This  story  has  three  staircases  leading  below,  one 
at  each  extremity,  and  a third  in  the  centre.  Finally,  in 
1874,  the  adjoining  premises  on  the  east  of  University 
Hall  were  purchased  and  the  building  was  removed  so  as 


12 


to  form  a south-east  wing,  which  contains  the  kitchen, 
laundry,  etc.,  below,  and  servants’  rooms  upstairs.  The 
entire  University  building,  in  its  present  condition,  con- 
tains ninety-nine  rooms,  great  and  small,  besides  the  halls, 
entries,  garrets  and  cellars. 

THE  COTTAGE. 

The  Cottage  was  erected  in  1847  as  a residence  for 
Col.  & Mrs.  Staunton,  (Miss  E.  E.  Ingham,)  after  their 
marriage  the  same  year — an  event  which  deeply  affected 
the  interests  and  prosperity  of  the  Institution,  by  enlisting 
in  its  service  the  genius  and  wisdom  of  a man,  the  impress 
of  whose  mind  has,  in  a remarkable  degree,  been  stamped 
upon  its  history. 

THE  ART  CONSERVATORY. 

The  Art  Conservatory  was  built  by  Mrs.  Staunton,  in 
1870,  in  memory  of  her  husband,  who  died  three  years 
before  at  Quito,  in  South  America,  while  on  an  expedition 
for  the  promotion  of  science. 

ART  COLLEGE. 

And  the  Art  College,  which  is  a wing  of  the  same 
building,  was  erected  in  1875. 

Such  is  a brief  history  of  the  growth  of  the  material 
portion,  or  outward  body  of  this  Institution  ; it  has  received 
but  little  aid  from  abroad,  unlike  most  other  Institutions, 
which  derive  thence  the  chief  nourishment  that  keeps  them 
alive.  Ingham,  as  it  now  stands,  is  the  result  of  economy, 
thrift,  and  a devotion  unsurpassed  even  by  the  love  of  a 
parent  for  an  only  child,  which  lavishes  upon  its  object 


THE  ART  CONSERVATORY. 


% 


4 


. 

» 

. 

. 

* 

0 


*3 


the  resources  that  would  otherwise  be  applied  to  a per- 
sonal, perhaps  a selfish  end. 

Meanwhile  the  Le  Roy  Seminary  assumed  a higher  and 
loftier  position  among  the  educational  enterprises  of  the 
State  and  the  country. 

FIRST  CHARTER  AS  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTE,  1 852. 

Application  was  made  to  the  legislature  for  the  incor- 
poration of  the  Institution  as  a college,  but  it  was  refused 
on  the  ground  that  there  were  no  colleges  for  women  ; 
instead,  however,  a charter  was  granted  April  6th,  1852, 
incorporating  the  “Ingham  Collegiate  Institute,  located  in 
Le  Roy,  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.”  (See  laws  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  75th  session  of  the  legislature;  Chapter  15 1, 
page  196.) 


CORPORATION. 

The  corporation,  thus  created,  consisted  of  Charles 
N.  Mattoon,  Samuel  Skinner,  Samuel  Comstock,  A.  P. 
Hascall,  J.  B.  Skinner,  C,  Danforth,  Moses  Taggart, 
C.  Comstock,  M.  O.  Coe,  A.  F.  Bartow,  Israel  Rathbone, 
J.  G.  Bixby,  J.  P.  Darling,  Albert  Brewster,  Phineas 
Staunton,  and  Marriette  Ingham.  The  object  of  the  cor- 
poration, as  stated  in  the  charter,  was  “ the  promotion  of 
literature  and  science  in  the  education  of  females.  The 
said  corporation  shall  have  perpetual  succession,  with 
power  to  sue  and  be  sued,  and  make  and  use  a common 
seal,  and  alter  the  same  at  pleasure;  to  take  and  hold  real 
and  personal  property ; but  it  shall  not,  at  any  time,  own 
real-estate  yielding  an  annual  income  exceeding  $10,000." 


H 


SYNOD  OF  GENESEE. 

Twenty-four  Trustees  were  appointed,  nine  of  whom 
constituted  a quorum  to  do  business, — all  vacancies  to 
be  filled  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of  Genesee  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  said  body,  or  at  a special  meeting 
called  for  that  purpose  ; and  the  various  Christian  denomi- 
nations to  be  entitled  to  a representation  in  said  Board, 
proportionate  to  the  amount  of  funds  contributed  by  said 
denominations,  respectively,  to  the  support  of  said  Insti- 
tution. 

DIPLOMAS. 

The  Trustees  mostly  consisted  of  the  same  persons  as 
the  corporation,  and  power  was  vested  in  them  to  create  a 
Normal,  a Seminary  and  a Collegiate  Department;  to  ap- 
point professors  and  teachers,  and  to  grant  diplomas. 

RELATION  TO  THE  STATE. 

The  Institution  was  subjected  to  the  visitation  of  the 
Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York, — 
like  every  other  chartered  Institution  of  the  State  ; and 
its  annual  report  appears  in  the  volume  yearly  published 
by  the  Regents  by  order  of  the  Assembly. 

PIONEER  FEMALE  COLLEGE. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen,  that  this  Institution  was  not  only 
a pioneer  in  female  education'  having  been  founded  before 
South  Hadley,  or  Elmira,  and,  of  course,  before  Farming- 
ton,  Spingler,  Packer  or  Vassar, — but  it  was  the  first  to 
introduce  a college  curriculum  into  the  education  of  young 
ladies ; the  first  to  receive  a college  charter  and  the 


i5 


power  to  grant  diplomas  ; — for  the  Collegiate  Institute 
meant  neither  more  nor  less  than  a college. 

SECOND  CHARTER  AS  INGHAM  UNIVERSITY,  1 85 7. 

As  a matter  of  fact,  however,  Elmira  soon  after  success- 
fully applied  for  a college  charter,  but  the  friends  of  Ingham 
then  pushed  for  something  still  higher,  and  obtained  a 
charter  for  a University.  This  took  place  April  28,  1857. 
This  document  ordains  that  the  Ingham  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute shall  henceforth  be  denominated  “ Ingham  Univer- 
sity,” located  as  heretofore  in  Le  Roy,  Genesee  County. 

BOARD  OF  COUNCILORS. 

Nearly  the  same  Trustees  were  re-appointed,  but  their 
name  was  changed  to  Councilors,  twenty-four  in  number, 
divided,  by  ballot,  into  four  classes  of  six  each. 

THEIR  ELECTION. 

The  term  of  office  of  each  class  in  turn  expires  on  the 
first  Monday  of  January,  and  the  vacancies  thus  or  other- 
wise created,  are  to  be  filled  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod 
of  Genesee,  now  called  Synod  of  Western  New  York. 
The  powers  and  limitations  specified  in  the  former  char- 
ter were  confirmed  by  the  present,  and  “the  same  authority 
was  given  to  confer  literary  honors,  degrees  and  diplomas 
as  is  enjoyed  by  the  Universities  and  Colleges  of  this 
State.”  The  charter  also  enacts  that  the  Board  of  Coun- 
cilors may  name  honorary  members  to  sit  with  the  Board, 
without  the  power  of  voting.  “No  real-estate  belonging 
to  the  corporation  can  be  conveyed  without  the  consent 
of  the  majority  of  the  Board  of  Councilors.” 


This  is  the  charter  under  which  the  Institution  is  now 
conducted.  The  name  “University”  implies  several 
distinct  departments  and  faculties.  Accordingly  we  have 
here 

SIX  DEPARTMENTS. 1.  ELEMENTARY. 

( i.)  An  Elementary  Department  in  which  are  taught 
the  common  school  branches.  This  has  existed  from  the 
very  origin  of  the  Institution,  though  several  times  omit- 
ted for  a while,  for  special  reasons. 

2.  ACADEMIC. 

(2.)  An  Academic  Department,  consisting  of  two  years’ 
study,  which  embraces  the  studies  pursued  in  our  acad- 
emies, including  the  fitting  for  college. 

3.  CLASSICAL. 

( 3.)  The  Collegiate  Course  occupies  four  years,  viz: — 
Novian,  Sophomore,  Junior,  and  Senior. 

4.  LITERARY. 

(4.)  The  Literary  Course,  which  may  be  taken  instead 
of  the  collegiate,  and  is  taught  by  the  same  faculty.  At 
the  close  of  either  of  the  two  last  courses,  graduates  who 
have  received  their  diplomas  are  allowed  to  continue  in 
the  University  and  pursue  advanced  studies,  under  the 
direction  of  the  professors. 

• 5.  MUSIC. 

(5.)  The  Musical  Department  is  quite  distinct,  having 
a faculty  of  its  own,  which  consists  of  five  teachers  of 
vocal  and  instrumental  music.  Instruction  is  given  on 
the  piano,  organ,  violin,  and  guitar.  No  teachef  in  the 


1 7 


country  is  superior  to  Professor  Appy  in  vocalization. 

The  department  possesses  a valuable  library,  and  the 
pupils  are  required  to  make  themselves  familiar  with  the 
lives  of  the  Old  Masters,  and  the  leading  musical  works.  • 

6.  ART. 

(6.)  The  Art  College  has  a Faculty  of  its  own,  consisting 
of  two  Professors  and  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univers- 
ity. It  owes  its  existence  to  the  genius  of  Col.  Staunton, 
who  spent  his  life  in  building  it  up,  and  whose  principal 
works  now  adorn  the  walls  of  the  Art  Conservatory.  The 
improved  studios  of  the  Art  College,  with  colored  walls, 
movable  screens,  etc.,  are  found  to  be  an  admirable  acqui- 
sition. The  pupils  are  here  under  the  constant  supervision 
of  their  teachers,  who  carry  them  on  from  the  rudiments 
of  drawing  and  through  the  mysteries  of  chiaroscuro , 
to  water  color  and  oil  painting,  both  in  portraiture  and 
landscape.  Object  teaching  is  used  almost  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  copying. 

ART  METHOD. 

The  Professors  practise  the  methods  adopted  by  the  best 
European  schools  and  our  own  most  prominent  artists;— 
methods  which  are  the  result  of  the  hard-earned  experience 
of  the  great  Masters  of  Art  of  the  last  four  centuries  in 
Italy,  Germany,  France,  Spain,  Holland,  and  England, 
and  whose  efficiency  as  a system  of  instruction  has  been 
put  to  the  fullest  test.  Professor  Wiles’  great  experience 
as  a teacher  of  Art,  enables  him,  at  once,  to  render  it  attrac- 
tive, and  to  explain  its  most  puzzling  secrets. 

3 


9 


GALLERY  OF  PAINTINGS. 

The  main  portion  of  the  Art  Building  contains,  in  the 
upper  story,  a Gallery  of  paintings,  valued  at  more  than 
$50,000,  and  comprising  Colonel  Staunton’s  best  pictures* 
and  works  by  Oenicke,  Tiersch,  Jungheim,  Prof.  Wiles, 
and  others.  They  serve  to  cultivate  the  taste  of  the  stu- 
dents of  art,  and  enable  them  to  study  the  style  of  different 
masters. 

MUSEUM. 

The  lower  story  contains  a Museum,  which,  while  offer- 
ing an  endless  variety  of  subjects  for  the  pencil  and  brush 
of  the  pupils,  serves  also  to  illustrate  the  lectures  of  the 
Professors  of  Natural  Science,  Antiquity,  and  Geology,  in 
the  Collegiate  Department. 

Having  described  the  buildings  and  the  six  departments 
of  Ingham  University,  we  will  now  proceed  to  explain, 
further,  the  internal  arrangements  and  course  of  study. 

TEACHERS. 

There  are  seventeen  Professors  and  Teachers,  and  a 
Matron  and  Assistant  Matron,  or  nurse, — nineteen  in  all, — 
constituting  a fraternity  under  the  leadership  of  the  only 
surviving  founder, — Mrs.  E.  E.  I.  Staunton.  Of  these, 
14  are  ladies;  and  five,  married  men.  All  but  two  reside 
on  the  premises,  board  at  the  same  table,  and  hourly  min- 
gle with  the  pupils.  The  rooms  of  the  lady  teachers  are 
so  distributed,  as  to  enable  each  to  take  a sisterly  charge 
of  a group  of  pupils. 

DISCIPLINE. 

The  discipline  of  the  school  is  secured  by  the  pupils 
reporting  their  own  conduct  once  a day,  before  the  whole 


19 


school,  after  evening  prayers ; these  reports,  together  with 
those  of  scholarship,  attendance,  and  class  deportment,  are 
read  once  a month  in  presence  of  the  assembled  Faculties 
and  pupils.  This  system  has  now  been  practised  forty 
years,  and  has  given  continued  satisfaction.  Every  year, 
the  new  pupils  have  manifested  a marked,  monthly  im- 
provement, while  the  older  ones  have  maintained  the  high 
standard  already  reached. 

COURSE  OF  STUDY. 

The  youngest  pupils  belong  to  the  Primary  Depart- 
ment; they  have  a separate  room  and  teacher  of  their  own. 

The  Academic  Department  occupies  the  Academic  Hall, 
under  the  charge  of  their  teacher  ; she  is  assisted  by  other 
members  of  the  faculty,  who  hear  classes  in  their  respec- 
tive recitation  rooms.  Admission  to  this  department 
requires  a successful  examination  in  introductory  Grammar 
and  Geography,  Arithmetic  to  percentage,  General  History, 
and  the  elements  of  Natural  History.  The  course  ex- 
tends over  two  years,  during  which  the  following  studies 
are  pursued  : 

Reading,  Spelling,  Writing  and  Linear  Drawing,  Eng- 
lish Grammar,  Word  Analysis,  Composition,  Arithmetic, 
Algebra,  Latin,  French  or  German,  Physical  Geography 

and  United  States  History,  Physiology  and  Hygiene. 

• 

The  Collegiate  Department  is  divided  into  two  courses, 
i.  e.,  the  Classical  and  the  Literary.  The  former  extends 
over  four  years,  and  includes  the  following  studies  : 


20 


CLASSICAL  COURSE. 

NOVIAN  YEAR. 

Sallust  and  Virgil,  Algebra  and  Geometry,  Ancient 
and  Modern  History,  English  Composition  and  Elocu- 
tion twice  a week. 

SOPHOMORE  YEAR. 

Cicero  and  Livy,  Trigonometry  and  Conics,  French, 
German,  or  Greek,  Physics,  Botany,  and  Book-keeping, 
English  Composition,  Elocution  and  feible  History. 

JUNIOR  YEAR. 

Horace  'and  Tacitus,  Greek,  or  German,  Chemistry, 
Mineralogy  and  Zoology,  Rhetoric,  English  Literature 
and  Domestic  Science,  Essays,  and  Elocution. 

SENIOR  YEAR. 

Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  with  Logic,  Geology, 
Natural  Theology  and  Evidences,  Political  Economy, 
and  Literature,  Astronomy  and  /Esthetics,  Butler’s  Anal- 
ogy, Essays,  and  Elocution. 

The  Literary  Course  extends  over  three  years,  and 
consists  of  the  same  studies  as  the  Classical  Course,  with 
the  exception  of  Latin,  Greek,  and  the  Higher  Mathe- 
matics, which  are  omitted. 

PARTIAL  COURSE. 

Many  pupils  prefer  to  devote  a portion  of  their  time  to 
Art,  or  Music,  or  both,  and  the  remainder  to  study.  These 
are  allowed  to  pursue  their  studies  according  to  the  wishes 
of  their  parents,  subject  to  the  judgment  of  their  teachers. 


21 


The  Art  Department,  as  yet,  contains  but  two  branches, 
i.  e.,  Crayon  Drawing  from  plaster  models,  and  Painting  in 
oils,  mostly  from  object  models.  Our  experience  shows 
this  to  be  the  true  method  of  teaching  Art,  though  it  is 
the  most  laborious  for  the  teacher ; and  pupils  thus  trained, 
greatly  prefer  it  to  mere  copying. 

MUSIC  COURSE.  * 

In  Music,  the  course  of  instruction  comprises  the  follow- 
ing works,  viz  : 

Plaidy’s  Technical  Studies. 

Czerny’s  op.  337,  40  Daily  Studies,  books  1,  2. 

Czerny’s  op.  500. 

Grand  Exercises  of  the  Scale. 

Czerny’s  op.  7 1 8,  T wenty-four  Studies  for  the  Left  Hand. 
Czerny’s  op.  229,  School  of  Velocity,  books  1,  2,  3,  4. 
Czerny’s  op.  740,  Fifty  Finishing  Studies,  books  1,  2, 
3,  4>  5,  6. 

Czerny’s  op.  92,  Toccata  in  C major. 

Clemente’s  Gradus  ad  Parnassum. 

Clemente’s  Toccatta  in  Bb  major. 

Clemente’s  Preludes  and  Exercises.  . 

Cramer’s  Studies,  books  1,2. 

Chopin’s  op.  25. 

Heller’s  op.  16,  46. 

Henselt’s  op.  2,  5. 

Krause’s  op.  2,  4. 

J.  S.  Bach’s  48  Preludes  and  P'ugues. 

J.  S.  Bach’s  Inventions. 

Thalberg’s  Art  du  Chant 
Thalberg’s  Studies,  op.  26. 


22 


Thorough  Bass. — A.  N.  Johnstone. 

Harmony.— F.  F.  Richter;  A.  N.  Johnstone;  Webers 
1 heory  of  Musical  Composition. 

Organ. — ZundeFs  Organ  School ; Schnieder’s  Organ 
School. 


The  expenses  of  a student  in  Ingham  University  areas 
follows  : 


TERMS. 


Boarding,  and  tuition  in  the  English  Course, 
including  Greek  and  Latin,  for  each  half 


yearly  term,  in  advance,  - - - $115  oo 

Washing,  per  term,  -----  10  00 

Lights,  “ 5 00 

Modern  Languages,  each,  - 7 00 

Drawing  and  Crayoning,  two  hours  a day,  and  at 
the  same  rate  for  more  time,  per  term  of  20 
weeks, - 25  00 

Painting  in  oil,  two  hours  a day,  at  the  same  rate 
for  additional  time,  per  term  of  20  weeks,  25  00 

Music, — Piano,  Guitar  or  Melodeon,  per  term,  30  00 
Use  of  instrument,  hours  per  day,  “ 5 00 


To  those  who  prefer  a stated  sum,  board  and  tuition, 
with  any  of  the  above  extra  studies,  i.  e.,  Drawing,  two 
hours  per  day,  Painting,  two  hours  per  day,  practice,  1 y 
hours  daily,  together  with  lights  and  washing,  are  offered 
for  $340  a year,  in  advance,  per  half-yearly  session. 
Washing  may  include  12  to  14  pieces  weekly;  more  than 
this  will  be  charged  extra  at  fifty  cents  a dozen. 


Private  Vocal  lessons  of  Prof.  Appy,  per  term,  $30  00 
Vocal  lessons  in  class,  per  term,  - - - 5 00 

A charge  of  two  dollars  per  year  is  made  for  a seat  in 
church. 

TERMS  FOR  DAILY  PUPILS. 

Preparatory  Department,  per  term  of  20  weeks,  $7  50 
Intermediate  Department, .per  term  of  20  weeks,  10  00 
Academic  Department,  per  term  of  20  weeks,  1 2 00 
College  Department,  including  Latin  and  Greek, 

per  term  of  20  weeks,  - - - - 15  00 

Modern  Languages,  per  term  of  20  weeks,  - 7 00 

VACATIONS. 

The  terms  are  two  of  twenty  weeks  each,  with  a vaca- 
tion of  two  weeks  at  Christmas,  and  another  of  twelve  in 
the  summer. 

COLLEGE  SOCIETIES. LIBRARIES. 

There  are  two  literary  societies,  the  Altonia  and  the 
Concordia,  which  meet  regularly  for  mutual  improvement. 
They  have  a select  library  of  600  volumes.  The  Univer- 
sity Library  numbers  4,000  volumes. 

DEGREES. 

The  first  charter  granted  to  the  Institution  as  the  Ing- 
ham Collegiate  Institute,  authorizes  the  giving  of  diplomas 
to  the  young  ladies  at  the  close  of  their  course ; and  the 
charter  of  1857  gave  “ the  same  power  to  confer  literary 


24 


honors,  degrees,  and  diplomas,  as  is  possessed  by  the  Uni- 
versities and  Colleges  of  this  State.” 

The  Board  of  Councilors,  on  June  23d  and  24th,  1857, 
adopted  the  following  ofder  and  titles  of  honorary  degrees, 
viz: 

Gradus  Artium  Primarius,  A.  P.,  given  to  a graduate 
of  the  Literary  Course,  • 

Gradus  Artium  Altior , A.  A.,  given  to  a graduate  of 
the  Classical  Course.  These  two  correspond  to  the  usual 
A.  B.,  or  Bachelor  of  Arts,  of  our  colleges  for  young  men. 

Gradus  Artium  Clarior , A.  C.,  equivalent  to  A.  M.,  or 
Master  of  Arts. 

Gradus  Artium  Excelsior , A.  E.,  a still  higher  and 
purely  honorary  title. 

Several  of  the  Councilors  would  have  preferred  the  titles 
usually  conferred  by  colleges  upon  graduates  of  the  other 
sex  ; but  the  public  mind  did  not  seem  fully  prepared  for 
so  bold  a step. 

The  Board  has  also  conferred  the  honorary  degrees 
of  D.  D.  and  L.  L.  D. 

TABULAR  VIEWS. 

Let  us  now  cast  a glance  at  the  work  done  by  this  In- 
stitution during  the  thirty-four  years,  from  1842  to  1875, 
of  which  catalogues  have  been  published. 


SCHEDULE  A 


LE  ROY  FEMALE  SEMINARY. 


Year. 

Preparatory. 

Academic  I. 

Academic  II, 

Partial  C’rse. 

Music. 

Art 

Novians. 

Sophomores. 

Juniors. 

Seniors. 

1 

Res.  Grad. 

I 

Graduates. 

Total. 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

3 

3 

6 

2 

4 

1 1 

3 

3 

12 

5 

13 

14 

1 

56 

88 

147 

96 

134 

72 

53 

7i 

89 

103 

80 

77 

9 

5 

14 

22 

20 

9 

24 

7 

21 

18 

232 

*52 

l80 

209 

209 

174 

*93 

214 

218 

23° 

68 

53 

46 

48 

42 

67 

58 

77 

64 

64 

56 

51 

30 

41 

7 

INGHAM  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTE. 


1852 

51 

^53 

55 

1854 

47 

^ss 

40 

1856 

35  , 

1857 

85 

1858 

72 

!859 

57 

i860 

12 

10 

24 

l86l 

17 

1 8 

21 

1862 

7 

I9 

34 

1863 

69 

I864 

64 

I865 

9 

67 

1866 

*5 

85 

1867 

22 

47 

3r 

1868 

36 

39 

35 

I869 

30 

28 

33 

I87O 

16 

24 

31 

I87I 

18 

26 

36 

1872 

*5 

27 

32 

1873 

21 

34 

20 

1874 

24 

37 

24 

1875 

12 

18 

20 

19 
31 

20 

9 

2 6 


IOO 
1 1 2 

92 

67 

38 


88 
5° 
• 53 
56 
46 


INGHAM  UNIVERSITY. 


9 

56 

32 

20 

33 

78 

25 

12 

21 

42 

31 

10 

11 

47 

29 

10 

7 

40 

J5 

1 1 

9 

29 

10 

5 

!5 

14, 

12 

J9 

7 

18 

14 

17 

13 

6 

22 

7 

17 

13 

10 

13 

79 

1 48 

26 

i5 

8 

26 

12 

31 

33 

6 

16 

18 

32 

9 

9 

14 

56  1 50 

3° 

1 1 

7 

22 

24 

21 

!5 

9 

*9 

24 

24 

12 

10 

17 

25 

16 

8 

8 

14 

70 

41 

*3 

7 

17 

10 

69 

28 

13 

3 

7 

22 

7i 

2 9 

22  j 

7 

10 

32 

34 

31 

28 

23 


!3 

11 

9 

8 

16 
7 

7 
1 1 

7 
9 

8 
8 

17 

7 

8 

10 

7 
10 

8 


In  Music  and  Art 


!3 

290 

i7 

280 

i7 

250 

!9 

200 

18 

208 

12 

2I5 

9 

231 

9 

170 

8 

I5I 

15 

J45 

6 

120 

6 

*43 

9 

14S 

7 

152 

9 

190 

7 

198 

5 

202 

17 

186 

7 

174 

7 

179 

9 1 

158 

3 

157 

8 

*5° 

5 ; 

141 

322  6434 
26 


4 


348 


SCHEDULE 


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27 


Of  the  totals  here  appearing,  about  one-half  have  been 
day  pupils,  residents  of  the  town.  Their  number  has 
diminished  since  the  erection  of  an  academy  in  the  village  ; 
but  it  has  not  yet  been  thought  expedient  to  break  up 
the  Preparatory  and  Academic  Departments  in  the  Uni- 
versity; this  may  ultimately  take  place,  and  it  will  simplify 
our  work.  As  matters  now  stand,  pupils  often  enter  our 
walls  at  an  early  age,  and  do  not  leave  us  until  they  take 
their  diplomas,  or  otherwise  close  their  studies. 

In  examining  the  attendance  of  the  pupils,  from  year  to 
year,  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  large  numbers  put  down 
during  nearly  a score  of  years,  at  the  beginning,  are  attribut- 
able to  the  fact  that  the  neighboring  academy  was  not  yet 
in  operation.  There  was  also  some  diminution  during  the 
war  of  Rebellion. 

• We  notice  further  upon  the  Schedule  : 

(i.)  The  apparently  large  numbers  in  the  collegiate 
branches  of  the  Seminary , are  owing  simply  to  a different 
mode  of  classification  ; 

EDUCATION  FOR  WOMAN. 

(2.)  As  soon  as  the  collegiate  department  took  full 
shape  and  reached  the  usual  standard  of  college  studies 
in  the  Collegiate  Institute , the  pupils  increased  in  the 
academic  and  partial  courses,  and  diminished  in  the  higher 
classes.  This  would  seem  to  intimate  that  we  are  in 
danger  of  pushing  our  institutions  for  girls  to  a higher 
platform  than  the  great  mass  of  our  pupils  are  ready  to 
follow  us.  Some  of  them  will,  doubtless,  go  anywhere  and 
even  lead  the  way  ; our  highest  classes  are  now,  probably, 
chiefly  made  up  of  such,  and  we  have  even  a few  resident 


28 


graduates  who  are  pushing  beyond.  We  believe  that  this 
number  will  increase,  and  that  their  ambition  will  rise  yet 
higher;  still,  such  will  always  constitute  the  exception, 
not  the  rule,  to  a far  greater  extent  than  can  ever  be  the 
case  with  the  other  sex. 

INFLUENCE  OF  INGHAM. 

(3,)  We  call  attention  to  the  extent  of  the  influence 
exerted  by  this  Institution.  It  will  be  remembered  that 
its  location  was  selected  as  a central  position  from  which 
to  reach  the  great  West,  and  the  sequel  has  shown  the 
wisdom  of  the  choice.  Illinois,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin, 
stand  prominent  on  the  list  of  the  Western  States  which 
have  sent  their  daughters  to  us.  They  drop  off  as  similar 
institutions  are  built  up  within  their  own  borders , but 
these  look  upon  Ingham  as  their  parent,  and  we  have  had 
repeated  intimations  that  they  do  and  mean  to  follow  her 
lead  upon  the  educational  questions  of  the  day.  Next  to 
the  West,  the  South,  though  far  away,  seeks  our  aid  in 
training  her  daughters.  Mississippi,  Georgia,  and  even 
Texas,  often  have  representatives  within  our  walls.  The 
vicinity  of  Canada  sends  pupils  over  the  northern  border. 
Young  ladies  from  foreign  countries  are  usually  the  daugh- 
ters of  business  men  settled  abroad,  or  of  our  foreign 
missionaries. 

NUMBER  OF  STUDENTS  AND  GRADUATES. 

(4.)  It  would  be  a difficult  task  to  make  out  the  exact 
number  of  pupils  who  have  studied  here  from  the  begin- 
ning. The  schedules  show  that  the  single  years  of  study 
spent  here,  during  the  last  thirty-four  years,  amount  to 
6,434.  It  is  supposed  that  above  5,000  persons,  in  all, 


29 


« 

have  here  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  instruction  during  the 
entire  forty  years  that  this  Institution  has  existed.  The 
whole  number  of  regular  graduates,  from  1840  to  1875,  is 
348,  including  26  in  music  and  art. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing  statements,  that  the 
growth  of  this  Institution  from  a Female  Seminary  to  a 
University  has  been  gradual  and  homogeneous, — not  a 
metamorphosis,  but  a development, — produced  by  a force 
acting  from  within,  not  by  a pressure  from  without.  It 
has  preserved  the  family  or  home  character  of  the  Semi- 
nary, but  has  stretched  the  bounds  of  its  curriculum,  and 
has  moreover  put  out  two  vigorous  branches,  which  existed 
in  embryo  from  the  very  beginning.  It  has  also  preserved 
its  exclusive  appropriation  to  one  sex ; for  it  is  not  pro- 
posed to  admit  young  men  to  more  than  the  Music  and 
Art  departments,  to  which  there  can  be  no  objection  what- 
soever. But  no  approach  has  been  made  to  the  mingling 
of  the  sexes  in  intellectual  education.  We  have  great 
respect  for  the  institutions  which  have  pursued  the  con- 
trary course,  especially  for  time-honored  Oberlin ; at  the 
same  time,  there  is  no  present  appearance  that  Ingham  is 
ever  likely  to  follow  their  example. 

FEMALE  EDUCATION. 

The  experience  of  the  past  forty  years,  seems  rather  to 
confirm  the  idea  that  there  is  as  radical  a difference  in  the 
mental  as  there  is  in  the  physical  powers  of  the  sexes, 
adapting  them  to  the  different  spheres  they  are  to  occupy 
in  life;  and  that  there  is  no  more  appropriateness  in  im- 
parting to  them  the  same  education,  than  there  would  be 
in  giving  them  the  same  position  and  work  in  the  family. 


30 


The  public  mind  has  tended,  during  the  last  50  years, 
toward  the  erection  of  colleges  and  institutions  of  learning 
fQr  girls  on  precisely  the  same  model  as  those  for  boys. 
We  believe,  that  the  next  50  years  will  witness  a tendency 
to  greater  discrimination.  Already,  specific  schools  for 
the  stronger  sex  are  rising  on  every  side,  and  optional 
studies  are  greatly  multiplied  in  our  colleges.  And  so, 
female  education  will  probably  be  hereafter  studied  as  a 
specialty,  more  than  heretofore.  We  find,  as  a matter  of 
fact,  that  few  of  the  young  ladies  in  our  colleges  are 
anxious  to  obtain  diplomas,  or  to  gain  the  name  of  having 
finished  a collegiate  or  literary  course,  and  these  few  are 
nearly  all  normal  pupils,  who  mean  to  devote  their  lives 
to  the  department  of  instruction, — a class  which  must  neces- 
sarily embrace  but  a small  percentage  of  all  female  students. 

ft 

HEALTH. 

It  is  with  devout  thankfulness,  that  we  record  the 
uniform  good  health  of  the  pupils.  No  doubt  the  climate 
of  Western  New  York  must  be  wholesome,  but  that  of 
Le  Roy  is  particularly  so,  being  sufficiently  distant  from 
the  Lake  shores  greatly  to  moderate  the  winds  which  pre- 
vail from  that  direction.  The  plateau  upon  which  the 
town  is  situated,  drains  all  stagnant  waters  and  removes 
all  miasma.  There  has  never  been  a case  of  typhus  in 
the  Institution,  and  many  weak  constitutions  have  been 
improved  while  residing  among  us.  The  physical  train- 
ing received  by  the  young  ladies,  and  their  instruction  in 
Physiology  and  Hygiene  have  doubtless  contributed  to 
this  result. 


AID  RECEIVED  BY  INGHAM  IN  FORTY  YEARS. 

This  Institution  has  now  existed  forty  years,  and  it  may 
well  be  asked,  what  is  the  amount  of  aid  it  has  received 
in  carrying  on  its  noble  work,  whether  from  the  State  or 
from  individuals.  We  answer  that  the  want  of  such  help 
has  been  greatly  felt ; for  it  cannot  be  supposed  that  the 
small  tuition  fees,  even  with  the  addition  of  an  income 
from  the  boarding  department,  ever  could  adequately  pay 
the  teachers’  salaries,  and  keep  the  premises  in  repair. 
The  Institution  was*  as  early  as  1852,  when  the  first  char- 
ter was  obtained,  given  over  to  the  Presbyterian  Synod 
of  Genesee,  on  condition  of  their  endowing  it,  by  means 
of  contributions  from  the  churches,  with  the  sum  of 
$50,000;  the  offer  was  accepted,  but  the  money  never 
came.  Four*  different  agents  have  been  appointed,  at 
different  times,  by  the  Trustees,  to  make  collections  with 
a view  to  an  endowment,  but  all  they  brought  in  amounted 
to  $1,400!  In  1861,  application  was  made  to  the  State 
legislature  for  a grant  of  $25,000, — a small  sum  compared 
to  the  princely  gifts  bestowed  on  our  colleges  and  universi- 
ties for  young  men  ; the  amount  actually  granted  to  us 
was  but  $5,000!  Besides  this,  in  1874,  Ingham  Uni- 
versity was  allowed  to  receive  from  its  friends  such  a 
portion  of  the  memorial  fund  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
as  they  chose  to  bestow  upon  us ; and  this  footed  up  to 
$2,600.  And,  in  1875,  Mrs.  Julia  Ingham  Adams,  now 
Mrs.  Frothingham,  of  Brooklyn,  who  received  her  edu- 
cation at  Ingham,  presented  $5,000  for  the  erection  of 
the  Art  College.  Thus  the  entire  assistance  received  by 
this  Institution,  during  the  forty  years  of  its  existence, 


foots  up  to  $14,000,  or  $350  a year,  $5,000  of  which  was 
was  given  by  the  State  and  $9,000  by  individuals. 

But  though  the  benefactions  of  the  general  public  were 
“ few  and  far  between,”  yet  help  never  failed  to  come 
from  the  founders  themselves.  Their  benefactions  have 
been  large  and  never-failing.  When  all  the  premises  were 
their  private  property,  they  gave  away  a large  portion 
to  the  corporation  on  the  sole  condition  of  an  adequate 
endowment  being  raised.  Whenever  the  Institution  was 
in  need,  or  got  into  debt,  they  came  forward  with  never- 
failing  patience  and  devotion,  and  helped  it  out  of  all  its 
troubles.  A mortgage  upon  the  property  was  given  as 
a security  for  the  return  of  the  money  thus  advanced,  and 
the  estate,  as  a matter  of  fact,  essentially  returned  into  the 
hands  of  its  original  owners.  Nothing  daunted,  however, 
by  the  large  drafts  made  upon  her  generosity,  Mrs.  Staun- 
ton, in  pursuance  of  a long-cherished  purpose,  came  for- 
ward on  the  14th  of  December,  1875,  and  in  behalf  of 
herself,  and  of  her  deceased  sister  and  husband,  canceled 
the  mortgage,  and  presented  the  entire  real -estate  to  the 
corporation  as  a free  offering  to  the  cause  of  female  educa- 
tion. Thus  property  worth  over  $ 100,000,  of  which  $91,- 
000  represents  the  value  of  the  real-estate,  and  $12,000 
the  amount  of  the  mortgage,  has,  from  first  to  last  been 
received  by  Ingham  University  from  its  generous  founders, 
besides  their  untiring  labors  and  life-long  devotion  to  its 
interests. 

WHY  INGHAM  SHOULD  BE  ENDOWED. 

Surely,  this  noble  Institution  is  worthy  of  better  support. 
It  is  not  sectarian, — for  the  relation  of  the  Presbyterian 


33 


Synod  is  of  a parental  character  and  an  evangelical  safe- 
guard, while  the  Board  itself  contains  members  from  other 
denominations;  nor  is  the  Institution  private  property  ; it 
could  at  any  time  have  been  made  the  property  of  the 
corporation  by  raising  the  required  endowment,  and  now 
the  title  deeds  have  actually  been  made  over  to  the  Board 
of  Councilors  without  any  such  condition. 

The  property,  the  experience,  the  associations,  and  the 
past  history  of  Ingham  University  are  truly  worth  pre- 
serving to  the  cause  of  Christian  education,  by  just  such 
an  endowment  as  experience  has  shown  to  be  necessary 
in  order  to  ensure  the  usefulness  and  perpetuity  of  our 
institutions  for  young  men.  Providence  has  heretofore 
provided  for  it  by  rendering  wonderfully  productive  the 
early  gains  of  its  founders,  and  putting  it  into  their  hearts 
not  to  spend  them  upon  themselves,  but  to  erect  all  these 
buildings,  and  purchase  these  four  and  a half  acres  of  land, 
that  they  might  give  them  away  to  the  cause  they  have 
served  all  their  live^,  * The  present  value  of  the  property 
thus  far  made  over  to  the  corporation,  as  reported  by  the 
Regents  of  the  University  of  New  York,  is  as  follows: 


PROPERTY  GIVEN  BY  MRS.  STAUNTON. 


University  building,  -----  $45,000 

The  land,  -------  10,000 

Cottage  Property,  - 10,000 

Conservatory  of  Art,  - 15,000 

Art  College,  ------  7,500 

Libraries,  -------  3,500 

Total,  - $91,000 


5 


34 


Surely,  this  property  alone  is  worth  turning  to  the  best 
account  as  appliances  for  the  education  of  young  women. 
If  endowment  be  needed,  it  is  the  most  economical  outlay 
that  can  be  made  in  so  important  a cause. 

WHAT  INGHAM  HAS  DONE  FOR  LE  ROY. 

Let  us  now  look  at  the  importance  of  this  Institution 
in  developing  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  town  in 
which  it  is  located.  It  is  well  known  that  Le  Roy  was  an 
insignificant  village  forty  years  ago,  when  some  of  its  far- 
sighted citizens  succeeded  in  removing  thither  the  Female 
Seminary  from  Attica.  The  place  has  enjoyed  a steady 
growth  ever  since,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  this  Institu- 
tion has  exerted  no  little  influence  in  bringing  about  this 
result.  The  money  used  in  erecting  all  these  buildings 
was  spent  here.  Besides  this,  the  following  account  has 
been  prepared  with  great  care,  and  is  supposed  to  be  quite 
within  the  truth  : 

The  Institution  receives  and  spends  ^hnually, 
in  tuition  and  boarding  fees,  about  $20,000. 

Last  year  it  was  $21,383.03.  In  forty  years 
this  would  amount  to  - $800,000.00 

Seventy-five  young  ladies  spend  at  least  $50 

a year  each,  making,  - - - - 1 50,000.00 

At  least  five  families  a year  reside  here  on 
account  of  the  Institution,  and  spend  $750  a 
year,  making  in  40  years,  - 1 50,000.00 

Advantages  to  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  30,000.00 
Advantage  to  50  day  pupils  of  $100  a year,  200,000.00 


•» 


$1,330,000.00 


35 


It  is  clearly,  therefore,  for  the  pecuniary  interest  and 
prosperity  of  the  town,  that  the  Institution  should  attain 
its  highest  possible  growth  and  development. 

The  foregoing  statements  conclusively  establish  the 
fact,  that  this  Institution  has  a right  to  be  considered  a 
public  benefactor,  and  to  enjoy  the  confidence  and  support 
of  its  friends  ; indeed,  no  institution  in  the  State  has  so 
long,  so  prominently,  and  so  unexceptionally  stood  forth 
as  the  chief  educator  of  our  daughters. 

Nor  can  it  be  claimed  that  other  institutions  have  risen 
around  us  which  have  superseded  it,  or  have  stolen  the 
confidence  and  love  of  our  people.  Other  colleges  have 
come  into  being,  but  Ingham  is  not  jealous  of  them  ; she 
is  proud  to  have  contributed  to  their  organization,  by  crea- 
ting a call  for  them.  The  field  is  large,  and  there  is  room 
tor  more,  nor  is  one  of  them,  as  yet,  adequately  endowed. 

FEMALE  COLLEGES  SHOULD  BE  MORE  LIBERALLY  ENDOWED. 

The  general  pubjjc  and  the  State  have  liberally  con- 
tributed to  the  usefulness  of  our  colleges  for  young  men, 
and  they  deserve  the  gratitude  of  the  country.  But  should 
not  our  young  women  be  equally  provided  for  ? Do  they 
not  need  eminent  professors,  men  and  women  of  mark  and 
power  ? And  how  can  these  be  secured  without  adequate 
remuneration  ? 

This  is  a subject  that  deserves  thorough  investigation. 
We  have,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  but  five  colleges 
exclusively  devoted  to  the  education  of  women,  A sixth, 
Alfred  University,  admits  both  sexes  ; it  cannot,  therefore, 
be  properly  introduced  into  an  examination  of  the  com- 
parative provision  made  for  the  education  of  the  two  sexes. 


* 


36 


Only  three  of  these  five  colleges  possess  any  endowment, — 
Vassar  College  having  an  income  of  $19,670,  Wells,  $7,000, 
and  Elmira,  $3,730.  It  may  be  said  that  colleges  are 
not  needed  for  girls,  and  that  special  schools,  called  Semi- 
naries, will  do  just  as  well.  There  are  sixteen  such  insti- 
tutions in  the  State,  only  two  of  which  are  blessed  with 
an  endowment, — Packer  Institute  having  $3,000  a year, 
and  the  Buffalo  Seminary  just  $24  ! So  that  the  sum 
total  of  endowment  for  the  exclusive  education  of  young 
ladies,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  produces  a yearly  income 
of  $33,424.  The  rest  of  the  expense  involved  in  the 
education  of  our  daughters  must  be  provided  by  their 
parents. 

Let  us  now  see  how  the  case  stands  with  the  boys. 
There  are,  in  this  State,  twenty-two  colleges  and  universi- 
ties exclusively  for  their  use,  and  the  endowment  of  these 
institutions  yearly  produces  the  sum  of  $415,475;  also 
seventeen  high,  or  special,  schools  with  a yearly  income 
of  $13,466;  thirteen  theological  seminaries  with  the  yearly 
income  of  $98,255  ; four  law  schools  without  income;  and 
eleven  schools  of  medicine  with  $3,700;  making- in  all, 
sixty-seven  (67)  institutions  devoted  to  the  education  of 
young  men,  with  a yearly  income  of  $530,810,  against 
twenty-three  for  young  women,  with  an  income  of  $33,424, 
or  16  to  1 ! 

Some  very  sensible  people  are  afraid  that  the  education 
of  our  daughters  is  making  too  rapid  strides,  and  ought 
to  be  checked.  The  women,  they  say,  are  going  to  oust 
the  men  from  their  places  of  employment,  and  will  soon 
monopolize  every  trade  and  business  which  does  not  re- 
quire the  physical  strength  they  do  not  possess,  by  work- 
ing cheaper  than  can  be  done  by  the  other  sex. 


37 


The  foregoing  statistics,  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of 
Education  in  Washington,  set  the  matter  at  rest.  The 
boys  have  twenty-two  colleges  and  universities  ; the  girls, 
five  ; and,  the  former  possess  an  endowment  which  yields 
annually  $415,475,  while  the  latter  have  but  $20,366,  a 
ratio  of  more  than  20  to  1 ! And  now,  what  does  this 
imply  ? It  implies,  of  course,  that  our  young  men  have 
the  best  professors  and  teachers,  the  most  complete,  per- 
fect, and  modern  apparatus,  the  richest  museums,  and  the 
amplest  libraries.  They  are  lodged  in  the  newest  build- 
ings, and  occupy  rooms  furnished  with  all  the  improvements 
of  civilization,  while  their  sisters  and  cousins  often  must 
needs  “ rough  it  in  garrets  and  cellars,”  exposed  to  the 
cold  winter  blast  and  summer  heat.  Moreover,  the  boys 
are  furnished  with  nice  scholarships,  prizes,  and  many  other 
generous  contrivances  to  entice  them  on  in  their  studies 
and  make  education  easy,  while  nothing  of  the  kinds  exists 
for  the  poor  girls.  Education  societies  yearly  collect  our 
contributions  to  help  candidates  for  the  ministry;  but  what 
society  assists  in  .raising  up  suitable  ministers’  wives  ? 
Auburfl  Theological  Seminary  has  a yearly  income  of 
$20,500;  yet  the  cry  went  forth  that  it  would  perish 
without  help,  and  the  generous  Christian  public  at  once 
contributed  $100,000  to  erect  a building,  which  now 
attracts  the  students  by  its  comfortable  accommodations. 
But  where,  in  the  meanwhile,  are  lodged  the  wives  of 
these  same  ministers,  while  preparing  for  their  arduous 
labors  ? Another  Theological  Seminary  for  young  men, 
Union,  in  New  York  City,  possesses  an  endowment  of 
$800,000,  yielding  $56,000  a year.  This  alone,  is  more 


38 


than  double  the  income  of  all  the  educational  institutions 
for  young  ladies,  in  the  entire  State  of  New  York  ! 

Well  may  we  be  startled  by  these  facts.  It  is  high 
time  that  we  adopt  a new  departure  on  this  subject.  The 
country  has  done  nobly  for  its  young  men  during  the  first 
century  of  the  Republic.  Let  the  special  work  of  the 
second  century,  in  the  matter  of  education,  be  the  endow- 
ment of  schools  for  our  daughters  and  sisters,  and  all  will 
be  right.  There  is  danger  of  making  the  pathway  of  our 
boys  too  easy  for  them,  and  their  character  and  intellectual 
development  depend  still  more  on  those  of  their  mothers, 
than  on  the  schools  they  frequent. 

WHY  INGHAM  UNIVERSITY  SHOULD  BE  LIBERALLY  ENDOWED. 

The  foregoing  statements  and  considerations  apply  to 
our  entire  educational  system  for  young  women,  and  show 
the  imperative  need  of  a liberal  endowment  for  our  higher 
institutions.  But  there  are,  besides  these,  other  grounds 
for  bestowing  upon  Ingham  University  the  liberal  patron  - 
age of  a generous  public.  Up  to  a recent  period,  young 
women  desirous  of  fitting  themselves  for  the  profession  of 
teaching,  were  restricted  to  the  expensive  education  ac- 
quired in  unendowed  female  seminaries.  But  the  public  is 
now  aroused  to  the  importance  of  improving  our  system  of 
instruction,  so  that  many  free  normal  schools,  for  both 
sexes,  have  arisen,  and  are  rising  all  over  the  State.  A 
very  important  step  in  advance,  surely ; but  it  should  be 
remembered,  that  this  is  just  so  much  abstracted  from  the 
support  of  a still  higher  class  of  institutions,  that  remain 
unendowed  and  continue  to  be  expensive,  while  their 
poverty  prevents  their  keeping  up  with  the  progress  of 


t 


39 


% 

the  age,  and  often  compels  them  to  break  up  after  a few 
years  of  doubtful  existence.  The  provision  thus  made, 
fails  to  reach  the  case  of  an  important  class  of  young 
women,  who  desire  to  make  a higher  proficiency,  or  to 
study  other  branches  than  those  taught  in  the  normal 
schools.  It  cannot  be  denied  that  certain  spheres  are 
peculiarly  adapted  to  the  capacities  of  woman,  and  that 
she  has  a special  calling  for  music  and  art.  So  generally 
is  this  felt  to  be  the  case,  that  these  branches  are  taught, 
more  or  less,  in  nearly  every  institution  for  the  education 
of  young  ladies.  Drawing  has,  indeed,  been  introduced 
into  our  public  schools,  and  a knowledge  of  its  rudiments 
has  become  a part  of  the  normal  instruction.  It  is  clear, 
therefore,  that  a step  forward  has  been  taken  in  this 
department,  which  calls  for  an  improved  state  of  art,  and 
for  the  raising  of  a higher  class  of  teachers  than  any 
heretofore  trained  in  the  country.  Moreover,  our  people 
are  growing  in  wealth  and  refinement,  and  demand  a 
a higher  class  of  the  products  of  art. . The  time  may  come 
when  many  youths  will  feel  impelled  to  devote  themselves 
to  art  alone ; but  for  the  present,  at  least,  it  does  not  seem 
desirable  wholly  to  divorce  education  in  art  and  music 
from  that  culture  of  the  mind,  which  can  be  obtained  only 
by  the  study  of  the  ordinary  branches  taught  in  our  higher 
institutions  of  learning. 

Now,  Ingham  University  aims  to  meet  this  growing 
want.  Its  Art  and  Musical  Colleges,  each  with  a special 
Faculty  of  its  own,  are  rapidly  growing  in  importance  and 
reputation,  and  not  far  from  a hundred  pupils  will  appear 
this  year  upon  the  catalogue  of  each.  In  the  former  of 

% 


40 


these  colleges,  drawing  and  painting  are  taught  by  pro- 
fessors of  experience  and  reputation,  unsurpassed  in  the 
country,  who  use  the  most  approved  and  advanced 
methods ; other  branches  will  be  added,  such  as  sculpture, 
carving,  engraving,  etc.,  as  fast  as  the  necessary  funds  are 
furnished  for  enlarging  the  Art  College  ; while  the  Gallery 
of  Paintings,  worth  no  less  than  $50,000,  helps  to  form 
the  taste  of  the  pupils,  and  the  Museum  furnishes  a great 
variety  of  object  models,  and  serves  to  illustrate  the  lec- 
tures of  the  science  professors.  We  cannot  hear  that 
such  a school  of  art  exists  in  the  country  ; the  quiet  of  a 
country  town  is  eminently  favorable  to  art  culture,  and 
the  cheapness  of  living  and  small  charges  of  an  institution, 
endowed  as  this  ought  to  be,  would  bring  its  advantages 
within  the  reach  of  a large  and  hopeful  class.  The  pupils 
are  allowed  to  accompany  the  professor  in  his  summer 
rambles,  through  our  magnificent  neighborhood,  and  paint, 
under  his  supervision,  from  nature’s  unparalleled  models. 
The  young  ladies  find  a home  on  the  premises  of  the 
University ; young  men  board  and  lodge  in  private  houses. 

All  that  has  been  said  of  the  College  of  Art,  will  apply 
equally  to  the  College  of  Music,  of  Ingham  University. 
It  gives  the  most  thorough  and  complete  instruction, 
unsurpassed  in  the  country,  both  in  instrumental  and  vocal 
music.  The  names  of  Prof.  Appy  and  Mrs.  Cary,  at  the 
head  of  this  department,  are  a sufficient  guarantee  of  the 
excellence  of  the  whole  system,  as  well  as  of  its  faithful 
application.  Vocalization,  the  piano,  the  organ,  the  violin, 
and  the  theory  and  principles  of  musical  harmony  are  now 
taught,  and  other  branches  may  be  added  as  required. 
It  is  intended,  as  soon  as  possible,  to  erect  a Musical 
* 


4i 


Conservatory,  similar  to  the  Conservatory  of  Art,  as  shown 
upon  the  plan,  according  to  the  best  and  most  approved 
European  models,  with  every  possible  convenience;  and 
then  pupils  of  the  other  sex  will  be  admitted  to  its  privi- 
leges. Ingham  is,  bona  fide , a University,  a woman’s 
university,  imparting  instruction  in  such  branches  of 
^ knowledge  and  art,  as  open  the  door  to  a legitimate  sphere 
of  labor  for  woman.  To  the  branches  already  established, 
it  is  easy  to  add  others,  as  fast  as  they  are  called  for, 
without  changing  the  present  organization.  The  grounds 
offer  abundance  of  room  for  indefinite  additions  and  im- 
provements. It  is  believed,  that  no  institution  in  the  land 
occupies  a similar  position,  nor,  to  an  equal  degree,  meets 
the  want  which  Ingham  University  is  intended  to  supply; 
and  it  may  well  claim  the  sympathy  and  the  aid  of  its 
friends,  the  cordial  co-operation  of  an  enlightened  and 
progressive  public. 


v 


